Suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB), defined as anything a person does intentionally that can cause injury to one’s self, including death (i.e., suicide attempt, suicide ideation, non-suicidal self-injury), is a significant public health issue. A growing number of STB prevention programs train adults and peers (termed “gatekeeper training”) to be more active bystanders– to try to help when they see someone who may be at risk for self-injury. Such programs have demonstrated positive changes in knowledge and attitudes about suicide, but have had less success in changing behaviors in real world settings and few focus on youth and young adults as bystanders. A better understanding of the variables that promote successful STB prevention behaviors could inform more effective STB bystander actions.
Project Lift Up is a national longitudinal study of almost 5,000 youth and young adults across the United States. The project was designed to understand awareness of suicidal behavior among social networks, helping (“bystander”) behaviors, and personal impact overtime. Important contextual factors are also measured, including personal suicidal thoughts and behaviors, help-seeking, social and structural determinants of health, and personal strengths and resiliency. Survey data are supplemented with interviews with professionals in the fields of mental health and prevention, as well as with youth themselves about barriers that prevent and contexts that promote helping specific to suicidal thoughts and behaviors as well as recommendations related to prevention training.
Findings from Project Lift Up will identify ways to improve youth identification of and responses to persons at risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors in ways that reduce personal risk for themselves and others. A better understanding of the impact of helping will enhance prevention efforts to teach and assess self-care and support for bystanders themselves.